Main Characteristics Of A Marketing-Oriented Organisation Essay

Primary Characteristics Of A Marketing-Oriented Organization - Essay Example The essential direction of an organization can be reflected by techniques, structures, and societies. Every one of these must be incorporated with the goal that a reasonable corporate position can be guaranteed through promoting endeavors. Stensrud (1998) additionally guarantees that it requires an all around arranged exertion to build up a showcasing direction. So as to achieve this accomplishment, there are a few key factors that must be deliberately mulled over. As a matter of first importance, an organization must approach capital. Besides, they should stress the significance of long-extend arranging and spend deliberately. There must likewise be proper dissemination channels, center supervisors who recognize what they are doing, exceptional frameworks, and the capacity to adhere to new methodologies. Pioneers must be set up that can deal with the new framework that joins a showcasing focused association. As per Answers.com (2010), the requirements of purchasers should be centered around instead of the necessities of the organization that is delivering a decent or administration. This implies an incorporated and objective arranged way of thinking should be trailed by the association in general all through the procedure. Truth be told, the necessities and objectives of the customer should be accomplished before the requirements and objectives of the creating organization all together for the delivering organization to be effective in arriving at its objectives as indicated by the possibility of the promoting idea. Selling arrived at an extraordinary degree of trouble after World War II since it could never again be accomplished by hard selling. This is on the grounds that the assortment of items expanded after the war. Besides, the degree of optional pay of shoppers had expanded and, in this manner, those buyers could stand to utilize somewhat more opportunity in their buy choices. This was additionally convoluted by the way that associations couldn't precisely anticipate the changing needs of buyers (NetMBA 2010.

Is the World Developing a Homogenous Culture? Essay -- Globalization

Presentation In light of globalization, numerous pundits have gotten worried about its impacts on different societies. Globalization isn't simply the sharing of products and individuals, yet additionally the spread of philosophy and qualities. All in all, what happens when the belief systems of various countries strife? For the individuals who bolster the social government hypothesis, the appropriate response is basic? The more remarkable countries’ thoughts win, driving the individuals of the less incredible nation to rapidly surrender their previous thoughts and adjust to the new ones. The outcome is that legitimate societies are demolished which will prompt a worldwide homogeneous culture. In any case, the individuals who contradict this hypothesis battle that societies are not destroyed however extended and upgraded to make progressively intricate and assorted social orders. In my paper I inspected the two contentions just as the manner by which American mainstream society is spread. S pecifically, I will concentrate on the effect of American impact in Japan and Korea, the two of which have been open to American culture, and France. Regularly, researchers refer to media and business as the primary type of social dominion, yet what is the genuine impact of watching American TV and motion pictures, tuning in to music, or eating a Big Mac? I don’t accept that there is a critical effect in light of the fact that while individuals from different societies may copy regular American pictures and thoughts, they likewise find various approaches to adjust these new thoughts into their customary culture. These various strategies for adjustment will prompt a significantly progressively complex worldwide culture rather than a homogeneous one, while ideas of ethnocentrism will look after decent variety. Speculations To begin with, what is culture? Moreover, is it destructible? Marvin Harris and Orna Johnson, the creators of Cultural A... ...cohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=16&hid=107&sid=c517a5a1-cad3-4e0a- 8850-8b75290ad3cc@sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Rauth, R. (1988). The legend of social dominion. The Freeman, 38(11), Retrieved from http://www.thefreemanonline.org/sections/the-legend of-social colonialism/ Rinaman, K. (n.d.). French film quantities and social protectionism . Recovered from http://www1.american.edu/ted/frenchtv.htm Rothkopf, D. (1997). In commendation of social dominion?. International strategy, (107), Retrieved from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ensured/rothkopf.html Top 10 different ways kfc in japan is not quite the same as kfc in the us . (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.facingtherisingsun.com/japan-travel-tips-eating/japan-kfc-unique U.S. Division of State. (2012, March 5). U.s. division of state. Recovered from http://www.state.gov/r/dad/ei/bgn/4142.htm Is the World Developing a Homogenous Culture? Article - Globalization Presentation In light of globalization, numerous pundits have gotten worried about its consequences for different societies. Globalization isn't just the sharing of products and individuals, yet in addition the spread of philosophy and qualities. All in all, what happens when the philosophies of various countries strife? For the individuals who bolster the social colonialism hypothesis, the appropriate response is basic? The more remarkable countries’ thoughts win, compelling the individuals of the less ground-breaking nation to rapidly relinquish their previous thoughts and adjust to the new ones. The outcome is that true societies are destroyed which will prompt a worldwide homogeneous culture. In any case, the individuals who restrict this hypothesis fight that societies are not demolished yet extended and improved to make progressively intricate and various social orders. In my paper I inspected the two contentions just as the manner by which American mainstream society is spread. Spec ifically, I will concentrate on the effect of American impact in Japan and Korea, the two of which have been open to American culture, and France. Frequently, researchers refer to media and business as the primary type of social government, however what is the genuine impact of watching American TV and films, tuning in to music, or eating a Big Mac? I don’t accept that there is a critical effect on the grounds that while individuals from different societies may copy regular American pictures and thoughts, they additionally find various approaches to adjust these new thoughts into their customary culture. These various strategies for adjustment will prompt a significantly progressively complex worldwide culture rather than a homogeneous one, while ideas of ethnocentrism will look after assorted variety. Speculations In the first place, what is culture? Moreover, is it destructible? Marvin Harris and Orna Johnson, the creators of Cultural A... ...cohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=16&hid=107&sid=c517a5a1-cad3-4e0a- 8850-8b75290ad3cc@sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ== Rauth, R. (1988). The legend of social government. The Freeman, 38(11), Retrieved from http://www.thefreemanonline.org/segments/the-fantasy of-social colonialism/ Rinaman, K. (n.d.). French film quantities and social protectionism . Recovered from http://www1.american.edu/ted/frenchtv.htm Rothkopf, D. (1997). In commendation of social government?. International strategy, (107), Retrieved from http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/secured/rothkopf.html Top 10 different ways kfc in japan is unique in relation to kfc in the us . (n.d.). Recovered from http://www.facingtherisingsun.com/japan-travel-tips-eating/japan-kfc-unique U.S. Division of State. (2012, March 5). U.s. branch of state. Recovered from http://www.state.gov/r/dad/ei/bgn/4142.htm

Wilkins.A Zurn company about DEMAN FORECASTING Case Study

Wilkins.A Zurn organization about DEMAN FORECASTING - Case Study Example the recurrent idea of US business and modern development advertise that influence the incomes created, the organization has encountered deals development that surpasses the business. Their positive development is because of their great valuing techniques, item advancements and focused on promoting programs. The present interest estimating procedure of the organization incorporates a figure ace and an arranging bill. The figure ace is a spreadsheet that rundowns the normal week after week deals history for every item family by quarter and year since 1999. For every item family, the all out quarter’s genuine deals are separated by 13 weeks for every quarter to decide the normal week by week deals per quarter. The normal interest for the following five or six quarters is then evaluated for the quarters. Every item family had its own arranging bill. It contains the business history for every item inside the family. It figures the normal number of units sold inside that item family every day inside each quarter. It additionally contains projection on the normal every day deals for that family that will sell in the following a year. Moreover, the arranging bill disaggregates the family gauge into every item dependent on the percent of deals of the item family. Finally, the arranging bill ascertains the yearly deals figure for every item inside the family. The present guaging execution used by the organization is off base. As per deals records, there are differences in the guage deals an incentive as for the real deals of the organization. This paper will fixate on the use of factual determining techniques so as to improve the exhibition of the business. The momentum strategy for anticipating that is used by the organization doesn't consider the regularity of the deals created. The conjecture depends on the figure ace and the arranging bill of every item family. The strategy for utilizing two guaging instruments to assess future interest is appropriate to the

Crucible: Grudges vs the Salem Witch Trials Essay

Have you and your companions at any point accomplished something you were no allowed to do and afterward needed to stay quiet about it? So all of you did whatever yo needed to do to shield from letting that mystery from getting uncovered, regardless of whether you wound up lying and it winding wild? An extraordinary case of this is in The Crucible,several individuals realize the whole truth however decided to stay quiet about it. The individuals of Salem, the puritans show feelings of resentment and competitions that slam into their strict convictions into this widespread panic known as what I the Salem Witch Trials. Starts first begin to fly when he towns serve, Rev. Parris starts with resentment with the young ladies. He strolls through the forested areas late around evening time and sees the young ladies moving around a cauldron that is stewing on an open fire with his slave tituba. From the outset he doesn't have a clue what to think. Anyway the following day that follows with his little girl Betty not being capable wake from her rest. This makes them question all the young ladies on what they did the prior night , particularly his niece, Abigail Williams. Word spreads about the scrutinizing which gets the town stressed. This is the place the main cry of black magic is heard. Presently with feelings of spite there are once in a while contentions, a great competition in The Crucible is between Abigail Williams and different young ladies. Every one of them are in the vestry , the room joined to the congregation for gatherings. Mary Warren, John Proctors worker young lady , is attempting to tell the adjudicators that she has been lying from the beginning and that Abigail is the one the to fault. She asserts that she is with God now and can not lie anymore. Anyway , Abigail Williams has different plans , with the dread she places in the young ladies she realizes she can get them to concur with her and have the appointed authorities imagining that Mary is lying. So considering that Abigail imagines that she sees a flying creature in the rafters that is coming to get her and scratch her go head to head . She calls it Mary Warrens soul. The appointed authorities feel that its actual so Mary , like each one else in Salem is addressed and Abigail gets what she needs. Generally when we need something and we realize it will be difficult to get we arrange, that is actually what occurs in the last resentment Between Rev. Parris and his slave, Tituba. Being dealt with the manner in which she is as of now is makes Tiuba as of now have animosity for Rev. Parris. When Rev Parris discover that Tituba was the one conjuring spirits in the backwoods that night when he found the young ladies he starts to rebuff her. This is the place Tituba arranges , now as senseless as this sounds she haggles with her self. She realizes that she could admit and serve prison time or not admit and hang. So she chooses to tell Rev. Parris, she dishonestly admit to dealing with the demon , saying that he encouraged her to slaughter Rev. Parris. Figuring this might be genuine the individuals of Salem begin believing that the villain might be lose in Salem working his wickedness through others also. Presently will all the feelings of resentment we see what happens when a few people who realize the entire story decide to stay quiet about it make something so little go in to something so enormous because of people groups individual hard feelings and contentions. From Rev. Parris first scrutinizing the young ladies to the young ladies all utilizing their forces in court to control individuals . To at last the decision of critical for Rev. Parris’s slave Tituba.

Top 5 Android Apps For Job Seekers

Top 5 Android Apps For Job Seekers Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top 5 Android Apps For Job SeekersUpdated On 29/11/2017Author : RazaTopic : AndroidShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozmNaQ CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAs the saying goes, do not trust on three W’s Work, Weather and Women. The saying is pretty popular in UK and some European countries. Today’s topic revolves around first W which is Work, we shall talk about other two W’s some other time.World population is increasing at a steady pace and more graduates are pumped into job market every year and this hasmade itextremely competitive to get jobs. Even if you are book smart, you need to be street smart and creative enough to stand out of crowd, have excellent communication and interpersonal skills to be considered. Today, we have compiled a list of Android apps, which if used wisely can help you secure your dream job.1. TwitterYou might be thinking, WHAT? well, let me e xplain.Thisfeaturerevolves around creative ways of finding jobs and Twitter can definitely be used in a creative way to find work. The idea goes like this. Setup your Twitter account, fill all the relevant details in the background image and bio section. Once all setup, start tweeting topics of your interest, be sure you dont post anything which can be held against you when you start to market yourself for jobs. Once you have built a good bit of follower ship, start following companies of your interest.A lot of companies which recruit in specialised categories, such as Marketing Ecommerce Recruitment post new vacancies on Twitter and other Social Media channels. Look out for such updates, set alerts and once you spot such activity, act smartly and reply to the tweets. You will most likely end up sharing couple of tweets withthem and if you are good fit, you will be asked to send your CV and resume. You can also use hashtags to expand your job search, a good example would be to use h ash tags like this #marketingjobs or #ecommercejobs. Click here to download.2. LinkedInLinkedIn is massively popular social network for professionals across the globe. The company reported 187 million users earlier this September. Company provided further statistics which proves that majority of LinkedIn users are outside USA, so the good chance is LinkedIn users are spread evenly across the globe or at least in English speaking countries.People who have LinkedIn profiles and connect to relevant professionals in their fields, know the significance of LinkedIn. I have been invited for interviews through LinkedIn myself and if it can work for me,it can work for you too, all you need todo isnetwork with right set of people.What I would suggest is, find the companies you want to work for, then join them and start to look for employees. You can then look at the groups they have joined, if that interest you, you should join them as well and post around, participate in threads started by e mployees and engage with them. LinkedIn has a nice android app which can help you with your job search. Downloadit forfree.3. LinkupThere are so many recruitment agencies and job websites that it has become almost impossible to keep track of all the vacancies. Linkup came with a smart idea and developed an app for android users. It grabs all open vacancies from different job and organisation websites and publish them in a presentable manner. The app is highly productive if you are on the move.READShould I Start An Online Business?This App was last updated in February 15, 2010 and has 3.8 star rating. The app currently only searches for US based jobs, which is a major drawback. You need to have at least android 1.5 and above for this app to work on your device.Linkup is 144kb in size and can be downloaded here free of charge.4. Indeed.com AppIndeed.com is a worldwide Job search engine which works like Google and other search engines. They have very nice and simple interface. Indeeds strength lies in their in-depth search, all relevant results are pulled out of their database at Godspeed!This app has competitive edge over linkup as it works for several countries, which is probably why it has been downloaded for more than 5 million times.If you allow the app to detect your local location, it shall try to find you jobs located nearby making whole process quicker. Indeed.com has done a great job with their app, the amount of positive feedback reflects the quality and usefulness of this product. This app like other apps we have mentioned earlier is free to download.5. Career BuilderThe last app in our list is job search app by Careerbuilder.com. Career builder has recognized themselves as one of leading recruitment site. Their most recent version 2.3.1 was released in November 16, 2012. This indicates that company is serious about their app. Some of core features of this app include the following.If you have Careerbuilder account, you can apply directly from the app .Searches nearby jobs.Get job recommendations and save them for later review.Possibility to attach resume from your phone. You can also apply for jobs without logging into your account.The overall rating of app is 3.6 and requires android v 2.2 and above for successful installation. It has been downloaded for more than 500,000 times. Download it for free hereConclusionWhile these apps are extremely helpful, you might still not be lucky enough to get your dream role very soon. In todays job market, recruiters see 100s of resumes for each job. In order to stand out make sure you have best possible CV and resume, no spelling or grammar mistakes. Lastly, dont loose hope if you dont get the role you want, keep applying rest assured if you are committed to finding work, you will eventually land a job.This article is written byRaza.He is an Mba in Internet marketing and a computer graduate. He has been writing news worthy articles and reviews on video games and gadgets. You can follow him on twitter @Ahmad Raza. If you wish to write for HBB, kindly check this.

Restaurant Equipment Distributors - 1375 Words

Restaurant Equipment Distributors (Essay Sample) Content: Restaurant Equipment Distributors Students’ Name University Affiliation Restaurant Equipment Distributors Distribution services form a major component of business operations in the modern world. In particular, numerous corporations in the contemporary society provide delivery services with the purpose of making profits. In essence, the distribution activities involve the provision of products and services to different buyers in a given market. Notably, HD Supply is among the most popular distribution companies in the modern market. The corporation was founded as Maintenance Warehouse in 1974. Indeed, the company was established in San Diego, California. During the initial years of operation, the company had a dedicated free delivery service and delivery trucks. In 1997, Home Depot acquired the company with particular emphasis on the delivery truck and free delivery service. After seven years of operation under Home Depot, Warehouse Maintenance changed to HD Supply. Consequently, Home Depot acquired Hughes Supply in 2006 and integrated it under HD Supply. However, after just a year of operation, Home Depot decided to sell HD Supply to Bain Capital LLC to gain capital for the repurchase of Home Depot stock. Despite the transfer of ownership, the company continued to utilize the name HD Supply (Fernie, 2013). HD Supply continued to develop under the new management of Bain Capital group. Indeed, the development of the company was highlighted on June 27, 2013, when the company went public. HD Supply Holdings Inc. went public to gain public shares as it had developed considerably. As evidenced by the process of going public, the company had grown in stature, capital, and geographical distribution. Notably, the company is divided into three major business units that serve various locations. The operations of the company are mainly based in the United States. In such a way, the corporation operates in 48 states across the nation. Besid es, the HD Supply operates in seven Canadian provinces. In particular, the company has 650 operational locations spread across the American states and the Canadian provinces. As an industrial distributor in various locations, the company offers a broad range of services to customers. Indeed, the company provides value-added services and products to about half a million professional consumers. The supplies are spread across various categories including repair and operations, maintenance, and infrastructure. What is more, the company offers power and specialty services in the construction sector. Various components are involved in the distribution channels of the enterprise. The company often offers industrial value-added services to corporations in the construction industry. Maintenance services include the provision of machinery parts to the consumers. After delivery, the company continues and undertakes the necessary repairs for the customer. Notably, three broad categories are u tilized in the company. Firstly, the maintenance, operations, and repairs provide HD Supply Maintenance and HD Supply home improvement. Secondly, the infrastructure and power sectors involve HD Supply Waterworks and power solutions (Fernie, 2013). To sum up, the specialty construction category includes HD Supply Whitecap and interior solutions services. Modern market conditions have created an increase in competition levels among corporations. In such a way, numerous companies are involved in similar business activities. In essence, the companies target similar customers while offering similar products and services. Apparently, HD Supply has numerous competitors that seek the same consumers. However, among the numerous competitors, the company has few main competitors. Indeed, the main competitors operate at the same level as the given company. The primary competitors of HD Supply include Ferguson, Grainger, and Rexel. Moreover, Anixter, Watsco, and Fastenal are among the major com petitors of the corporation. Each of the companies listed above provides competition in the same locations. Due to the high level of competition, the company has faced countless challenges over the years. However, the management of the company remains tasked with the duty of increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise. In such a way, HD Supply will continue to be competitive with the leading competitors in the industry.  HD Supply FergusonRepairsWhite capInteriorsWaterworksPower Repairs White capinteriorswaterworkspower Price  Rational Rational  High  Average  High  High  Average  High High  High  Quality High  High High  High  High  High  High High  High High  Value  High  Rational  High  High  High Average  Average  Average  Average  Average  Figure 1.1 Comparison of quality, value and price elements in the distribution industry HD Supply payment policy Payment systems are a vital component of business corporations. As evidenced by the main companies, the payment policy influences the success of business in a significant manner. Apparently, HD Supply has an integrated payment system that allows for proper interaction between the customer and the company. Indeed, the objective of the payment policy is to ensure that the customers are provided with a platform that facilitates easy and quick payment (Avraham, Selvaggi, & Vickery, 2012). Moreover, the policy ensures that the products and services of HD Supply are readily affordable. Conversely, the payment plan enables the company to provide the services in an efficient manner. Besides, the objective of the policy ensures that the company can meet the diverse financial obligations. The payment policy of the company includes various elements that control the payment policy of the corporation. Indeed, among the major components of the policy is the cost of early payments. In essence, the company advoca tes for prompt payments to facilitate growth. Mainly, the cost of paying early involves the lack of credit facilities within the business. In such a way, through early payments, the consumers become more creditworthy as the company believes that they will make the payments as required. Moreover, early payments promote the consumer relations as efficiency in service, and product provision is boosted. Similarly, late payments made to the company have respective costs. Indeed, the late fees have more adverse effects compared to early payments. As evidenced in the payment policy, the company allows late payments to designated consumers across the locations in which the company operates. In essence, late payments reduce the availability of resources to the company as most capital is held by debtors. In such a way, the company stands at a significant risk of bad debts which translate to huge losses for the corporation. Late payments reduce the profitability of the company which is a sign ificant cost for the company to incur. Billing payments are crucial to the company as it facilitates the payments to HD Supply. A diversified method of bill payment increases the customer relations. It is apparent that the availability of various mechanics of payments increases customer satisfaction as they can pay using the preferred method. The company uses different mechanics including credit cards, online platforms, and cash payments. Moreover, clients can make wire transfers to the company as payment for services rendered. Credit facilities are available to particular consumers as described in the payment ...

Find Out What It Means to Be on Academic Probation

Academic probation is the most common term colleges and universities use to indicate that a student is not making the academic progress the institution requires for graduation. Academic probation often means that a students grades and/or overall GPA are not high enough to continue in school if they do not improve. Someone can be placed on academic probation for a variety of reasons, although all will be academic in nature. Nonacademic offenses could lead to disciplinary probation. No form of probation is good, as it could result in a students suspension or expulsion. What Leads to Academic Probation? A school may put a student on academic probation because of her cumulative GPA or because of her GPA in the classes required for her major. A single semester of poor grades could also lead to academic probation. Perhaps even direr: A student may end up on academic probation if he fails to meet the standards of any financial aid he is receiving—it all depends on the schools rules and what is required to remain in good academic standing. Even if a student thinks she is doing well in school, she should familiarize herself with any GPA standards she must meet, whether for her major, scholarships, an honors program, or basic academic requirements. The best strategy, of course, is to avoid any issues in the first place rather than unexpectedly ending up on probation and having to work out of it. How to Respond If a student does end up on academic probation, dont panic. Being placed on academic probation is usually not the same as being asked to leave college. Students are given a probationary period—often a semester—to demonstrate that they can indeed make successful academic progress. To do so, students may need to increase their GPA by a certain amount, pass all of their classes, or meet other requirements, as determined by their school. While there will certainly be pressure to succeed—failing to boost grades or meet certain standards could result in suspension or expulsion—there are several things a student can do to make the most of this second chance. Clearing Academic Probation First, be clear about what is required to stay in school. The specific steps of a students academic probation, as well as how long the probationary period will last, should be outlined in the notification the student received from her school. If its unclear as to what steps to take to move out of academic probation, the student should ask as many people as possible until she finds out the information she needs. Once its clear what lies ahead, its important to ask a key question: Are there any changes the student needs to make in her day-to-day life to ensure she reaches her academic goals? For example, if the student can cut back on some extracurricular activities, social commitments, or work hours to increase study time, she may want to do so. She should ask an adviser or a trusted mentor for resource recommendations like a study group or individual tutor because extra support can go a long way in resolving academic probation.

Hypodermic Syringe Model - 1453 Words

Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the usefulness of the Hypodermic Syringe Model of the Mass Media (33 marks) The Hypodermic Syringe Model suggests that the media are strong and the audience is weak and passive. This means that the messages the media portrays, society will instantly believe without questioning the ideas and morals behind this. The model suggests that children are more susceptible to the messages in the media and accept the information provided as they have not fully developed social skills. In addition to this, the media is thought to ‘inject’ the audience with their beliefs, of whom would automatically agree with this view. The Hypodermic Syringe Model notes a direct correlation between violence portrayed†¦show more content†¦This criticises the Hypodermic Syringe Model as the model suggests that people who view the behaviour will not question this and will act in this way in the future. The Hypodermic Syringe Model fails to acknowledge that the media provides the viewers with the effects of the violence on the individual. The viewer is less likely to repeat the images and violence acted upon in the media after viewing the violence and the effects this could have on themselves therefore suggesting that the Hypodermic Syringe Model does not ‘inject’ their messages into the minds of the viewers. It can be suggested that there is not enough research in this particular area of Sociology as many findings are as a result of artificial surroundings, for example the Bandura experiment. With little support for the Hypodermic Syringe Model, the assumptions of this model can neither be true or false. This can be supported by Gauntlett (2008) who found that most of the studies on the Hypodermic Syringe Model or media violence and imitation were conducted in an artificial environment, this meaning that some of the effects recorded from this experiment may be due to other factors, not how the person would act in a real situation. The Hypodermic Syringe Model suggests that children are more vulnerable to the violence and messages portrayed in the mass media, however this can be criticised as children may not be affected asShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Hypodermic-Syringe Model815 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hypodermic-Syringe Model The hypodermic syringe model suggest that the media is alike a magic bullet and when an audience is targeted it will immediately be knocked down when they are hit. The hypodermic-syringe model also suggests that society is passive and the media â€Å"inject† their media influence into society and manipulates it. The Frankfurt school envisioned the media as a hypodermic syringe, and the contents of the media were injected into the thoughts of the audience, who accepted theRead MoreAssess the usefulness of the Hypodermic Syringe model of the mass media1847 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Mass Media (Q) Assess the usefulness of the Hypodermic Syringe model of the mass media. The hypodermic Syringe Model (HSM) is an early theory model, which believes that there is a direct correlation between the violence and anti-social behaviour portrayed in different media types (e.g. Television, computer games and films). 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Isabelle Caro, a 28 year old French model died due to suffering from a respiratory disease which was initially caused by anorexia. This suggests that the media causes eating disorders in women as Isabelle was a catwalk model and in order to be popular on the catwalk she stopped eating which shows that if the media didn’t portrayRead MoreMedia Simply Reflects and Reinforces Existing Social Values Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the impact on the public. This includes the hypodermic effect theory, also known as the behaviourist approach, which sees the mass media as not just an influence on society but as being able to directly affect us with a metaphorical, powerful syringe full of messages directly into the mind. Based on the theory that behaviour is learnt through rewards and punishment, the notion here is that the media could provide a model of behaviour which could influence people by showingRead MoreTheodor Adorno s Influence On Popular Music2850 Words   |  12 Pagesserious music. Adorno believed that the notion of standardization that was in popular music acted as way to â€Å"opium of the people† [9] acting through the ways that standardized music is distributed. This happens through a process known as hypodermic-syringe model, â€Å"this model suggests that the audience passively accepts the message ‘injected’ into them by the mass media.† {10] The listeners consume popular music unknowingly and unwillingly. â€Å"Standardization of song hits keeps the consumers in line by doing

D. H. Lawrences You Touched Me and Nietzches The Use...

Compare Happiness and Life Between D. H. Lawrences You Touched Me and Friedrich Nietzches The Use and Abuse of History Taken From The Twilight Of the Idols INTRODUCTION In this paper, I wont stick to only one topic. I will compare different topics, such as happiness and life between two romantic writers, D. H. Lawrence and Friedrich Nietzsche from D. H. Lawrences You touched me and Friedrich Nietzches The use and abuse of history taken from The twilight of the Idols. I will start talking about life and happiness by giving my own little definition of each of these two terms. LIFE Life: one word, many meanings. Life: one word, one precious thing. We see life in a total different way by the two writers.†¦show more content†¦He (Nietzshe) claims that [life in any true sense is absolutely impossible without forgetfulness]. He also says something about death. [And when death brings at last the desired forgetfulness, it abolishes life and being together, and sets the seal on the knowledge that being is merely a continual has been, a thing that lives by denying and destroying and contradicting itself]. He also mentions a universal law about living things. [A living thing can only be healthy, strong and productive within a certain horizon: if it be incapable of drawing one round itself, or too selfish to lose its own view in anothers, it will come to an untimely end.] HAPPINESS Happiness: everybodys ultimate goal. Unfortunately, happiness is very hard goal to reach. D. H. Lawrence demonstrate the failure of reaching happiness through money and other goods. Emmie and Matilda were two girls of a rich man. But these two girls were not quite happy. They couldnt get married because they were expecting too much of men. Their (Matilda and Emmie) minds were based on money or valuable goods, restricting them from a lot of things. Hadrian was not a rich kid but he seemed to be happy the way he was. He wanted freedom and thats how he was happy. The two girls were captives of their rich lives. Hadrian understood that happiness wasnt about money, but about other superficial things, such as freedom and love. When Matilda touched Hadrian, Hadrian suddenly

Racial Prejudice And Superstition During The Age Of...

During the Age of Discovery Europeans travelled to foreign lands and encountered different people who presented evident phenotypic variations. Authors like Malik (1996) suggest that racial prejudice and superstition were common and found in most ethnically homogenous, socially conservative communities of the time. During this period equality, reason and humanity were unknown ideas and people who spoke different languages, worshiped different God’s or had different skin complexion were treated with distrusts and irrationality, created by the fear of the unknown (Brown, 2010). In their travels Europeans quite frequently depicted the non-white people they encountered on other continents like in Africa as savages, apes and monsters (Brown, 2010). Philosophers like Bodin (1530-1596) conducted geographic classifications of the known populations of humans based on the colour of their skin, his basic classification used descriptive terms such as â€Å"duskish colour, farish whiteâ⠂¬  to categorise the appearance of different peoples (Barnes, 2007. Pg 42). In an attempt to determine the meaning and value of life, Brown (2010) suggests that upon its founding human sciences have pursued the fundamental meaning of human diversity and therefore modern sciences and the history or race have interlaced histories. This paper aims to explore the genealogy of race through the monogenist, polygenist and Darwinian paradigms by exploring the development and implementation of racial mechanisms that wereShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesAfrica and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period correspondsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesKirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the book in many ways. vi Table of Contents Preface....................................Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDisposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing

The Impact Of Social Sustainability On The Development

4. Sustainability One of the definitions of sustainability would be creating a neighbourhood that has an increased quality of life and a value as a community, for more than a single generation (Falk and Carley, 2012). In Wales, sustainable regeneration means improving the social, physical, economic and environmental welfare of communities and individuals alike, in ways that promotes social equality. Under Section 79 of the Government of Wales Act (2006), Welsh Ministers have a duty to propose and advocate sustainable development. a) Social and Economic Sustainability With the estate being the 19th most deprived area in Wales, like many of the UK’s disadvantaged areas, Westfield and Eastfield’s residents most likely suffer from poor reputations. Said reputations reinforce the difficulties of an area and vice-versa, thus creating a vicious circle (Dillard et al., 2008). The role of social sustainability in this regeneration scheme is to generate social cohesion, well-being and quality of life. With high levels of unemployment in the area, poverty is deteriorating quality of life for residents (JRF, 2014). Job opportunities could be generated by the regeneration project through training schemes, apprenticeships and links with local colleges that provide IT and other vocational courses. A way of promoting social sustainability would be through pop-up shops or empty shops initiatives. They could solve the lack of cohesion between the estates, promote communityShow MoreRelatedGlobal Business And Its Sustainability Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness and its sustainability can contribute significantly to present and upcoming accomplishment of organizations. A major success factor for change towards sustainability in corporate world is incorporation of environmental, economic and societal goals. 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Sustainability also encompassesRead MoreThe Impact Of Sustainability On The Business World And Professional Business Communication1253 Words   |  6 PagesHow Sustainability Is Used In the Business World and Professional Business Communication When talking about sustainability numerous people associate it with just protecting the environment. Sustainability is far more than going green, but it is a principle that many companies have adopted and have worked persistently to improve over the last several years. Sustainability is defined as the ability to continue a behavior indeterminately, but it also includes improving human life overall. Sustainable

Market Segments and Targets free essay sample

Many organizations are utilizing target marketing to compete more effectively. Companies focus on the customers which they can most likely satisfy, instead of scattering their marketing effort. Effective target marketing requires identifying distinct groups who have different needs and preferences which is called market segmentation and select one or more market segments to enter which is called market targeting. In addition, for each target segment, marketers must establish and communicate the distinctive benefits of the company’s market offering which is called market positioning (Kotler, 2006, p. 40). Market segmentation is the process of grouping a market into smaller subgroups. This is derived from the recognition that the total market is made up of segments. These segments are homogeneous within (ex: people in the segment are similar to each other in their attitudes about certain variables). Because of these similarities, they are likely to respond similarly to a given m arketing strategy (Zikmund, 1996, p. 258). Successful segmenting can greatly improve marketing effectiveness. Companies can purchase the right list, improving advertising results and increased consumer satisfaction. The requirements for successful segmentation are: 1. Homogeneity with in the segment 2. Heterogeneity between segments 3. Segments are measurable and identifiable 4. Segments are accessible and actionable 5. Segment is large enough to be profitable (Zikmund, 1996, p. 255). These criteria can be summarized by the word SADAM: 1. S Substantial: the segment has to be large and profitable enough 2. A Accessible: it must be possible to reach it efficiently 3. D Differential : it must respond differently to a different marketing mix 4. A Actionable: you must have a product for this segment 5. M Measurable: size and purchasing power can be measured (Zikmund, 1996, p. 257). The variables used for segmentation include: 1. Geographic variables a. Region of the world or country b. Country size – metropolitan cities, small towns c. Density of Area – urban, rural d. Climate – hot, cold, humid, rainy 2. Demographic variables a. Age b. Gender c. Sexual orientation d. Family size e. Family life cycle f. Education g. Income h. Occupation i. Education j. Socioeconomic status k. Religion l. Nationality/race m. Language 3. Psychographic variables a. Personality b. Life style c. Value d. Attitude 4. Behavioral variables . Benefit sought b. Product usage rate c. Brand loyalty d. Product end use e. Readiness-to-buy stage f. Decision making unit (Zikmund, 1996, p. 255 256). Geographic segmentation includes distinctions based on continents, cultural regions, and climate. Another basis for segmentation is political boundaries, such as state and city lines. However popul ations are not always adequately described by political boundaries. Marketers are most often concerned with the population map. The company can operate in one or a few areas, or operate in all but pay attention to local variations (Zikmund, 1996, p. 254). Marketers often use zip codes as a basis for market segmentation. People and households in the same zip code area are often similar in demographic characteristics (Zikmund, 1996, p. 254). Some approaches combine geographic data with demographic data to yield even richer descriptions of consumers and neighborhoods. Claritas, Inc. has developed a geoclustering approach called PRIZM that classifies over half a million U. S. residential neighborhoods into 15 distinct groups and 66 distinct lifestyle segments called PRIZM clusters. The groupings take into consideration 39 factors in 5 broad categories: (Kotler, 2006, p. 49) 1. Education and Affluence, 2. Family life cycle, 3. Urbanization, 4. Race and Ethnicity, and 5. Mobility (Kotler, 2006, p. 249). Individuals within a cluster tend to lead similar lives, drive similar cars, have similar jobs, and read similar magazines. Here are four new PRIZM clusters: 1. Young Digerate – couples or single, most with kids, who live in urban cen ters, tend to hold master’s degrees, affluent, tech-savvy, in their 20’s. 2. Beltway Boomers – forties and fifties, college-educated, upper-middle-class homeowners married late and are still raising children. They live in comfortable suburban subdivisions and are still pursuing kid-centered lifestyles. 3. The Cosmopolitans – continued gentrification of the nation’s cities has resulted in the emergence of this segment, concentrated in America’s fast-growing metro areas. These households feature older homeowners, empty nesters, and college graduates who enjoy leisure-intensive lifestyles. 4. Old Milltowns – Just as America’s once thriving factory towns have aged, so have their residents. Old Milltowns reflects the decline of these small, once-industrial communities, now filled with retired singles and couples living quietly on fixed incomes. These home-centered residents make up on the top segments for daytime television (Kotler, 2006, p. 249). In demographic segmentation, the market is divided into segments based on things like age, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, and race. Demographic segmenting is popular because consumer needs, wants, and usage rates and product and brand preferences are frequently associated with demographic variables (Kotler, 2006, p. 249). Psychographics uses psychology and demographics to understand consumers. Psychographic segmentation divides consumers based on personality traits, lifestyle, or values. Individuals in a similar demographic group can have different psychographic profiles. Benefit segmentation is a type of market segmentation in which consumers are grouped according to the specific benefits they seek from a product. In consumer markets, segmentation variables include demographics, socioeconomics, psychographics, geographic factors, behavior patterns, consumption patterns, and consumer predispositions. In business markets, geographical areas, organizational characteristics, purchase behavior and usage patters, and organizational predispositions and policies are used as segmentation variables. The appropriateness of any one variable or combination of variables varies considerably from case to case. The marketing manager must determine which variables will isolate a meaningful target market (Zikmund, 1996, p. 261). The Advantages and Disadvantages in Segmentation Advantages The main objective of segmentation is to increase your sales and increase your profits. It helps you achieve this by helping you to; 1. Identify new product opportunities. It does this by helping you identify the needs of different market segments and developing products to satisfy those needs. 2. Identify new product opportunities. It does this by helping you identify the needs of different market segments and developing products to satisfy those needs. 3. Develop more efficient methods of promoting existing products. 5. Identify new or highly profitable markets or new channels of distribution. 4. Target a particular market segment more efficiently than spreading limited resources over a wide area. 5. Maintain sales but reduce expenditure on promotion and advertising (â€Å"UniSdirect†, 2003). Disadvantages Generally, there is an increase in costs with segmentation stemming from increased; 1. Market research the need to better understand the needs of the various market segments. 2. Research and development the need to produce different products for the different market segments. 3. Production costs-the need for different products for different market segments. 4. Administrative costs-the need for separate marketing plans for the different segments. 5. Inventory costs-the need for additional stock to cover variations in demand plus additional stock holding and control systems. 6. Distribution costs-the need for different distribution channels for different market segments (â€Å"UniSdirect†, 2003). Mississippi Army National Guard The Mississippi Army National Guard’s marketing objective is to create a positive image which leads qualified individuals to consider and/or continue Guard membership. This will be accomplished with an emphasis on television, as well radio, direct mail, collateral material, public relations and direct contacts. The Mississippi Army National Guard marketing objectives are as follows: 1. Actively pursue the recruiting of prior service and in-service candidates. 2. Highlight the opportunities available to Guard members to be leaders of the future in terms of technology, education and training. . Position the Guard Members as â€Å"American Soldiers† who protect our freedom and the American way of life. 4. Promote Mississippi specific benefits. 5. Achieve and maintain a state strength of 100% or higher. 6. Maintain a 17% or less attrition rate for each unit in the state. 7. Utilize direct response programs to generate qualified leads for recr uiter follow-up. 8. Position the Guard as a stepping stone to greater career opportunities by providing training, building a resume, and networking. Several Army National Guard units have returned from deployment only to lose many of their qualified personnel. The Freedom Salute Campaign is a wonderful program that helps in the retention of soldiers returning from deployment. The Mississippi Army National Guard needs to do a better job at presenting this program. The Mississippi Army National Guard must aggressively target employers for special recognition and invitations to unit activities to ensure that employers of Guard personnel are informed and supportive of their employees Guard membership, and that employers are shown that the Guard appreciates their sacrifices and commitment.

Emergence of the Cold War free essay sample

By the end of the war, the United States stood alone. The end of World War II virtually left two of these superpowers, who helped end Hitler’s realm, at a crossroads. The rivalry between the Soviet Union the United States and for control over the post World War II world emerged before World War II had even ended. The two United States presidents who served their tenure during the war (Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman) and disgruntled Soviet leader Joseph Stalin never actually trusted one another. Even through teaming up to bring down Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler, this mutual mistrust actually began as far back as 1917. In 1917, the United States was never on good terms with the Bolshevik government that formed after the Russian Revolution. Stalin also resented the relationship the United States had with Great Britain throughout the war. The United States and Great Britain did not share nuclear weapons research with the Soviet Union during the war in fear that a nuclear epidemic may one-day rise because of the mass abundance of nuclear warheads. Stalin was also very annoyed and seemingly somewhat jealous of Truman’s offering of postwar relief funds to Great Britain and not extending any help to the USSR. There were many other factors that contributed to the conflicts between the United States and Soviet Union policies but they can all be summed up by one word: Power. United States foreign policy was given a very formidable window of opportunity post World War II. After playing a major role in the defeat of the Nazi Germany super power, post-war ramifications were essentially dictated by the United States. With the backing of Stalin and the Soviet Union, the United Nations was also formed to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. The United Nations aimed to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace . Although together on the United Nations front, policy actions taken by the United States differed greatly from those of the Soviet Union. While under the microscope of the entire world, President Harry S. Truman saw this as an opportunity to spread democracy. United States foreign policy sought to promote a world rich full of capitalism and free of communism. Truman worked endlessly to clean up the huge mess left behind after World War II by establishing a number of international organizations that would promote democratic order and keep peace between nations. After the United Nations, he helped create the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) while also funding the rebuilding of a broken down and debt ridden Japan under the command of General Douglas MacArthur. After prosecuting Nazi war criminals at the Nuremberg trials, Truman in 1947 also outlined the Marshall Plan, which set aside more than $10 billion for the rebuilding and reindustrialization of Germany. The Marshall plan was a direct result of the Soviets unwillingness to comply with international order in maintaining democracy, and it is one of the pinnacle moments that set the stage for the beginnings of the Cold War. Soviet foreign policy differed greatly from the United States post World War II. The Soviet Union, under the rule of Stalin, had always been a communistic society. There were two main fundamentals that drove Soviet foreign policy. Firstly, Soviet foreign policy has traditionally been seen in terms of security, hence its strong interest in Eastern Europe after WWII. This area provided potential invasion routes into the Soviet Union. Stalin felt very strongly about communist ideals and sought to spread his ideology throughout Europe while it was looking for direction post World War II. The other key feature of Soviet foreign policy was its ideology – Marxist-Leninism (the theories of Marx as developed by Lenin). A core belief was to encourage and foster communist revolutions wherever and whenever possible. This ideology was sometimes seen as contradictory to the security f the Soviet Union because by spreading communistic revolution ideals, it furthered scrutiny from established super powers (the United States and Great Britain), which threatened its security. A number of commissions, councils, and conferences were established in order to determine post-war ramifications for European countries. The Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM), Far Eastern Advisory Commission (FEAC), Yalta Conference, Allied Control Council (ACC), and Paris Peace Con ference were all instrumental in establishing a sense of world order to help sort out European issue stemming from World War II. There seemed to be a pattern of Soviet discontent throughout all of these councils and conferences because of the minority political stance they shared within their Grand Alliance partners (the United States and Great Britain). In 1944, a memorandum from the Maisky Commission to Molotov stated that the Soviets intentions were to â€Å"break Germany up into a number of more or less independent state formations†¦ Military, industrial and ideological (reparations, especially) reparations in labour†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Germany’s reparations were one of the main components that began to cause tension feeding into United States vs. Soviet foreign policy. In February of 1945, at the Yalta Conference held in Russia, the Soviets proposed German reparations of $20,000,000,000 be paid, half of which would go to the Soviets. This was a number that was scoffed at by the Grand Alliance. It was evident that Soviet policy intended to spread communism throughout war-ridden Europe, especially through their reparation demands. Tensions rose at the Potsdam Conference regarding Soviet behavior in Germany at the war’s end, a working paper of United States delegation stated â€Å"Payment of reparations should leave sufficient resources to enable the German people to subsist without external assistance†¦ all these removals were in complete violation of all efforts to maintain ‘non-war potential’ industries in Germany†¦ What we saw amounts to organized vandalism directed not alone against Germany, but against US forces of occupation† Stalin’s policy on Germany was simply to make sure they never posed a threat to Soviet existence again by burying them while they were down post-war. A classic battle for the future of German ideology existed, communism vs. democracy, Stalin vs. Truman. Joseph Stalin’s most successful policy for the Soviet regime came with the installment of the â€Å"Iron Curtain† at the Yalta Conference. The Iron Curtain was both a physical and an ideological division that represented the way Europe was viewed after World War II. To the east of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the former Soviet Union. These included: Poland, Eastern Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Austria. Stalin was also able to finagle policies that gave Soviet occupation on top of the Iron Curtain as well. These countries included: Korea, China, Albania, Yugoslavia, and Iran. The Soviet stronghold of Eastern Europe was seen as a threat to the United States and Great Britain because of the threat of communism and permanent rifts between countries. Though ironically enough, the Soviet occupation was supported by the United States at the Yalta Conference. Foreign Minister Molotov viewed democracy as a threat to the Soviet Union and furthermore would lead to world domination by the United States. In the Novikov telegram, Molotov states â€Å"the foreign policy of the United States, which reflects imperialist tendencies of American monopolistic capital, is characterized in the postwar period by a striving for world supremacy† Stalin also began to grow jealous of the United States relationship with Great Britain, specifically with the postwar loans made and this is reflected in the telegram: â€Å"The current relations between England and the United States, despite the temporary attainment of agreements on very important questions, are plagued with great internal contradictions and cannot be lasting. In accepting the loan, England finds herself in a certain financial dependence on the United States from which it will not be easy to free herself†¦ The objective has been to impose the will of other countries on the Soviet Union† Molotov then goes on to mention that the only thing standing in between the United States and world domination would be a war with the Soviet Union. The United States didn’t have the nicest words to say about the Soviets either after World War II. In February of 1946, George Keenan, a young State Department expert stationed in Moscow, drafted his famous â€Å"long telegram†. This expressed a view of Soviet power as an â€Å"intractable† foe, bent on an expansionist policy to spread its power and influence, which became the basis of American Cold War policy. Kennan powerfully states, â€Å"World communism is like a malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue†¦ Many foreign peoples, in Europe at least, are tired and frightened by experiences of the past, and are less interested in abstract freedom than in security. They are seeking guidance rather than responsibilities. We should be better able than Russians to give them this. And unless we do, Russians certainly will† The alarm sounded by Keenan seemed to be confirmed by Moscow’s growing influence throughout the world. Stalinist occupations in France, Italy, Greece and Vietnam seemed posed to take power. European nations faced immense pressure to de-colonize their pre-war empires, particularly the Near East and Asia. The Truman administration embraced a strategy of containment to block any further spread of Russian power. The spread of communism influenced United States policy more so than any other threat during that time. The United States and President Truman believed that drastic differences in political and socioeconomic ideologies would only cause further rifts between nations in the future. Although democracy was the fundamental ideology promoted by the United States, its main concern post World War II was to stop communism. In 1947, the United States and Truman began establishing many agencies and policies, domestically and foreign, to support their cause. Within the United States, Truman began his push by signing the National Security Act in 1947 to restructure America’s defenses for the new Communist threat. The act successfully reorganized the military and created new office positions: Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It also created the National Security Council (NSC), to advise the president on global affairs, and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to conduct espionage.

Sample Essay Explaining That I Smoked Marijuana On A Police Application

Sample Essay Explaining That I Smoked Marijuana On A Police ApplicationIt is my opinion that if you have a paper due, a sample essay explaining that I smoked marijuana on a police application should be included. Why? Because it can help explain why an applicant smoked marijuana in the past. We all know that you cannot smoke marijuana on a job application if you want to get a job interview or an offer.There is no doubt that an employer can see the behavior of a person before hiring a person's job application is completed. In fact, an employer can view a person's behavior for an entire year prior to deciding to hire them.An employer can get a history of drug use by an applicant by using an employer drug testing program and a positive drug test. This type of history can help determine if a person can perform well at their job.In some cases, an applicant's behavior on a job application can determine whether they will get the job in the first place. If they have smoked marijuana on a job application before and failed, the candidate may not get hired as they will have a negative application score.It is important for an applicant to realize that an employer will know about any positive drug test that has been conducted by that individual. An employer may use this information to deny the applicant a chance to receive an offer or be hired for the job.This is where a sample essay explaining that I smoked marijuana on a police application can help. This will not only help to explain why an applicant smoked marijuana in the past, but the applicant should also write about their positive drug test and any success that they have had in working with a drug testing program. Even if that individual did not use drugs prior to their job application, they may still be given a low score or fail the test. Finally, it is also important to write about a good lawyer. Any criminal background that was investigated by an employer should be included in the essay. The same can be said for di sciplinary actions that were taken against the person that the application was completed for.These are things that should be included in the essay that is explaining why the applicant smoked marijuana in the past. Employers who wish to see if an applicant can be trusted will want to see these things in the essay. These are just a few examples of why an applicant should include a sample essay explaining that I smoked marijuana on a police application.

Travelling through the dark

Introduction â€Å"Travelling through the dark†, by William Stafford poem was published in 1962. The poem was set in nature where the speaker was driving in a dark narrow path. He found a she deer which had been recently hit by the car. Through this poem his actions and emotions comes out as he made his choices. Themes of conflict of birth and death, creation and destruction, man and nature and effects of technology are further explained. The poet used excellent styles of symbolism and imagery to pass on his message.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Travelling through the dark specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Themes and Styles One day, the traveler was driving through a narrow path and found a deer that lay dead on the road. The poet was in the middle of making decisions of saving the life of a deer; which had been recently hit by a car. In the first stanza he said â€Å"Travelling through the dark† (Poets 1). This symbolized danger and uncertainty as he drove near Wilson River road. The dark was significant to everything that existed in that scene including the deer, the fawn, the driver as well as the car. Repetition of the title in the first stanza emphasized the situation. This was followed by appearance of the dead deer and this creates another impression to the reader. He explained the scene. The traveler was faced with a moral dilemma on which he had to decide on the immediate action. His description of the pregnant deer explains the feelings of the traveler towards this deer. In the midst of death the traveler then found life in the dead deer. Knowing in reality this fawn would not be born, he was filled with sadness. Finally, his view of death was seen as he felt death was inevitable. He could not do anything about it, and he could not be able to save the deer’s life. Darkness was a symbol of danger and venturing into unknown. He was uncertain of his safety. The deer seemed to cross the path with uncertainty in that it could probably be hit by cars. The young deer in the deer’s belly was uncertain with life in that it was just hopeless to be born because the mother was already dead. The speaker thought about how he could save the life of the unborn deer by getting it from the womb of the mother, but he was not sure if the young deer would survive without a mother in this dark environment. Man was also afraid that his valuable, i.e. an automobile would be damaged by having an accident with the deer as they crossed the narrow path. The speaker wondered what he could do. He said that, â€Å"It is usually best to roll them into the Canyon† (Poets 1). This was in contrast to what he felt as his responsibility. People’s decisions were not considerate of the nature and that is why the speaker said that it was usually best to dump them in the canyon. This was a good indication of unfair treatment to the nature where people nev er cared for the deer they hit with their cars as they drove. The environment of his driving in the narrow road could probably cause more deaths of deer.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The theme of conflict came out clearly. There was a conflict of life and death. The deer had been killed yet it was pregnant. As the speaker touched its belly, he was sorry that he could not be able to save the young deer that was warm in the belly of the dead deer. Death of the deer as it was almost ready to give birth was a contrast and symbolized the severity of the killing. Cars did not only hit the living creation, but even what was about to be born. As the young deer was being formed in the belly of the deer mother, man and his technology ruined what was forming in the womb. Darkness moment was seen in the young deer, as it was alive, still and never to be born (Poets 1). Man and nature were in conflict. The narrow path which they used had caused several deaths of the deer. Though it was not man’s wish to hit the deer he found himself killing the deer and some tried to rescue what they had already killed. Technology of using cars was what caused death of the deer. Imagery was used in various instances in this poem. In the second stanza, the speaker was in the glow of the tail light when he stopped to examine the victim deer. She had stiffened and was almost cold (Poets 1). The deer was said to have a big belly. The reader became sympathetic with the situation understanding that the deer was pregnant. His language was precise and he did not want to cause very strong emotions. He wanted to confront brutality of human beings towards nature. He placed man in a situation which he was able to conserve the environment. He also related the first driver to the second driver and their responsibilities. The first driver had hit the deer and left it lying down on the g round and did not take responsibility. The second driver, the speaker was sympathetic to the deer and his actions are filled with humanity and the desire to save life (Fairchild 1). The fourth stanza discussed the car. The exhaust was turning red and its lights were going dim. He could only feel the silence in the wilderness and felt like it was listening to him. The last thing he did was to push the dead deer into the river after deep thought about himself and the deer (Poets 1). This was a hopeless situation. He had no other choice, other than to push the deer to the edge of the river. He felt bad that he could not be able to save her life or the life of young deer. The young deer too had to suffer death (Fairchild 1). Around our group I could hear the wilderness listen; I thought hard for us all—my only swerving; then pushed her over the edge of the river†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"That road is narrow; to swerve might make more dead (Poets 1).Advertising We will write a custom essa y sample on Travelling through the dark specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Swerving in this poem meant negligence of one’s duty and swerving of the automobile which caused death of the deer; swerve was also written in the first stanza where the speaker said, â€Å"that road is narrow; to swerve might make more dead† (Poets 1). This meant that it was dangerous to leave the dead deer on the road as it could possibly cause more deaths. It portrayed the nature of human to protect lives. He hesitated on his action as he knew that life was very precious (Hobsons 1). This poem is significant in day to day life. Man is usually faced with choices in life. Sometimes things do not happen as he wished them to and he has to face reality of matters such as death. Choices also vary in their significance; where some of them might be very vital so as to save a life. Some of the choices people make do not always affect their lives but may b e affecting nature (Bengstsson 1). The speaker used a remorseful tone. Using a deer that suffered death was a symbol of innocence, bravery and the short time it took to take away its life. The significance of this was to show the deaths in deer were not only once or twice, but a matter of many victims that took away the lives of many. This poem upholds life, not only of human beings but also that of nature. People value life but sometimes they might not be able to do anything to save it. Technology, such as that of automobiles is seen to have a negative impact on nature because it caused a cycle of deer’s deaths (Fairchild 1). However, decisions should be made carefully to avoid such situations. Life is important to both human and the wild. Death is a loss that causes even others who could have been born to die. Works Cited Bengstsson, Gunner. Analysis and Comments on Travelling through the Dark by William Stafford. American Poems, 2011. Web. Fairchild, Terry. Modern American Poetry. English Illinois, 2011. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hobsons, Alex. Life’s cycle. College confidential, 2011. Web. Poets. American. Poets.org, 2011. Web. This essay on Travelling through the dark was written and submitted by user Harley Shields to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other

Why Atoms Form Chemical Bonds With Each Other Atoms form chemical bonds to make their outer electron shells more stable. The type of chemical bond maximizes the stability of the atoms that form it. An ionic bond, where one atom essentially donates an electron to another, forms when one atom becomes stable by losing its outer electrons and the other atoms become  stable (usually by filling its valence shell) by gaining the electrons. Covalent bonds form when sharing atoms results in the highest stability. Other types of bonds besides ionic and covalent chemical bonds exist, too. Bonds and Valence Electrons The very first electron shell only holds two electrons. A hydrogen atom (atomic number 1) has one proton and a lone electron, so it can readily share its electron with the outer shell of another atom. A helium atom (atomic number 2), has two protons and two electrons. The two electrons complete its outer electron shell (the only electron shell it has), plus the atom is electrically neutral this way. This makes helium stable and unlikely to form a chemical bond. Past hydrogen and helium, its easiest to apply the octet rule to predict whether two atoms will form bonds and how many bonds they will form. Most atoms need eight electrons to complete their outer shell. So, an atom that has two outer electrons will often form a chemical bond with an atom that lacks two electrons to be complete. For example, a sodium atom has one lone electron in its outer shell. A chlorine atom, in contrast, is short one electron to fill its outer shell. Sodium readily donates its outer electron (forming the Na ion, since it then has one more proton than it has electrons), while chlorine readily accepts a donated electron (making the Cl- ion, since chlorine is stable when it has one more electron than it has protons). Sodium and chlorine form an ionic bond with each other to form table salt (sodium chloride). A Note About Electrical Charge You may be confused about whether the stability of an atom is related to its electrical charge. An atom that gains or loses an electron to form an ion is more stable than a neutral atom if the ion gets a full electron shell by forming the ion. Because oppositely charged ions attract each other, these atoms will readily form chemical bonds with each other. Why Do Atoms Form Bonds? You can use the periodic table to make several predictions about whether atoms will form bonds and what type of bonds they might form with each other. On the far right-hand side of the periodic table is the group of elements called the noble gases. Atoms of these elements (e.g., helium, krypton, neon) have full outer electron shells. These atoms are stable and very rarely form bonds with other atoms. One of the best ways to predict whether atoms will bond with each other and what type of bonds they will form is to compare the electronegativity values of the atoms. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction an atom has to electrons in a chemical bond. A large difference between electronegativity values between atoms indicates one atom is attracted to electrons, while the other can accept electrons. These atoms usually form ionic bonds with each other. This type of bond forms between a metal atom and a nonmetal atom. If the electronegativity values between two atoms are comparable, they may still form chemical bonds to increase the stability of their valence electron shell. These atoms usually form covalent bonds. You can look up electronegativity values for each atom to compare them and decide whether an atom will form a bond or not. Electronegativity is a periodic table trend, so you can make general predictions without looking up specific values. Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table (except for the noble gases). It decreases as you move down a column or group of the table. Atoms on the left-hand side of the table readily form ionic bonds with atoms on the right side (again, except the noble gases). Atoms in the middle of the table often form metallic or covalent bonds with each other.

Retail management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Retail management - Essay Example The fashion industry today is marked by short life-cycles, high volatility, low predictability and high impulse purchasing (Christopher, Lowson & Peck, 2004). The fashion retail industry in UK is turbulent as the fashion conscious consumers expect and thrive for constant change. Added to the changing consumer preferences are the factors like globalization and the technological changes that have truly revolutionized the UK fashion retailing industry. The fashion retail market is split into number of segments – luxury, high street and supermarket/out-of-town discounter (Bruce & Daly, 2006). With the supermarkets having entered the clothing sector, the fashion retail has been redefined. It enables the time-starved consumers to purchase cheap clothing instead of visiting high street. The cheap chic revolution has turned the UK fashion market upside down (Mesure, 2007). With the rise of the discount retail store the number of garments purchased by women each has doubled. Various reasons have been accounted for this changing trend – shift of production to the Far East, the weak US dollar and the abolition of textile quotas have driven down prices even in chains like Asda and M&S. The phenomenon of disposable fashion rules – â€Å"buy it, wear it, and chuck it† is the mantra that the fashion conscious follow in the 21st century. Consumers expect low prices, and increasing incomes are the key to increased ec onomic activity. According to Jones and Hayes (2002), clothing and fashion purchase decisions are based on want rather than need (cited by Priest 2005). It depends upon how the consumer wants to be perceived. Competition is fierce and the market is characterized by excessive discounting. Even top socio-economic groups are price-savvy. Decreased consumer spending has a negative impact on the retailers. Besides, cost of retail space has gone up and rents have risen. According to a research by This is Money, people shop at both the top and bottom ends of

Social Networks in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Social Networks in Marketing - Essay Example In turn, the relationship between consumers and branding is arguably paramount in determining the centre of how value should be marketed to retain and persuade new customers (Merz, He & Vargo 2009). Therefore, the increase of consumer power arguably forces organisations to undertake a more lateral approach to marketing as opposed to merely focusing on competitors (Avlonitis & Indounas, 2007). This argument is reinforced by the proposition of Weinberg et al that organisations shouldn’t assume what the customers want, but that it is imperative for organisations to add value in addressing consumer needs to survive in the multi-channel marketplace particularly in light of the growing influence of social networking on consumer choice (2007). With regard the contemporary business environment the application of CRM is also impacted by the increase of online business and in particular social networking (Cova, 2006). The ecommerce business model has dramatically reshaped consumer consu mption and the classic bricks and mortar business mantra of â€Å"location, location, location† (Chaffey, 2006). ... Therefore it is important for businesses to understand the internet medium to apply CRM effectively in the current retail climate with reference to the power of social networking. This is particularly important in light of the strategic driver of the internet medium being information sharing and increased knowledge as highlighted by the social networking phenomenon (Cova, 2006). For example, the incoming of the second media age and multiple digital platforms has created new societal trends and business opportunities through the multimedia business model, which has challenged pre-existing methods of information dissemination (Volmer & Precourt, 2008). On one side of the spectrum this has led to increasing commercialisation of the customer, which is further reflected by changing consumer habits and multi-chain retail strategy (Volmer & Precourt, 2008). On the other side of the spectrum, the digital era has redefined how the people interact with each other, thereby marking a shift in so cietal relationships and trends, which in turn informs cultural norms and enables innovation in building consumer/business relationships where the objective of marketing strategy should be to ensure that consumers are at the core (Beckett & Nayak, 2008). This paper critically evaluates the impact of social networking on marketing strategy. It is submitted at the outset that whilst increase of consumer control has been acknowledged in academic discourse, there has been some debate as to the role of social networking and its inclusion in marketing strategy to reflect increased consume power (Saren, 2007). For example, Brown (1992) had argued that the postmodern socio-economic paradigm has led to an increased focus on marketing

Learning Plan Essay Example for Free

Learning Plan Essay The learning plan described in this paper is to have students debate a topic related to the Civil War. The debate topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? † The main concept of this learning plan is to have students work collaboratively to research facts, and recall and use facts from the Civil War unit to incorporate into their arguments. (It should be noted that the learning plan described in this paper will take several classes to complete, however the learning plan procedures will only address the class where the debate will occur. ) It is  assumed that debate skills were taught in a previous class. The learning theory certainly incorporates constructivist aspects. They are constructing knowledge rather than absorbing it. This is constructivist approach is illustrated through the collaborative nature of the assignment, as well as through the research that students’ must produce. In terms of the use of technology and media; the students will be instructed to research one source of information, from the internet, related to their argument. They must submit a one-page analysis of the information in which they found along with a references page. This must be submitted to the teacher a week before the scheduled debate. The teacher will assess the content of the paper, but the references page will also be important. Teacher must evaluate the kinds of internet sources that the students have used. The credibility of the internet source, and the strength of student’s research will be analyzed by the teacher. The purpose is to assess student’s traditional literacy and critical analytical skills (assessed when evaluating the content), and information 1 2 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS literacy/interpretation skills of online material (assessed by reviewing the  reference page). Finally, the teacher will hand back papers to the students, and he/she will instruct each group to use at least two of their group members’ papers into their group’s arguments. Media and technology will also be incorporated with the use of social media. The teacher will tell students that their debates will be recorded and submitted to youtube or a private school website (if issues of privacy are raised). Others will be allowed to view the video to evaluate the strength of each team’s arguments. Based on the comments of public viewers, a winner will be chosen (by popular vote). This popular vote will be incorporated as a small percentage into the assessment. This is being done as to allow students to participate in new media opportunities within an educational context. Learning Plan Context Setting †¢The high needs school will be a High School in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. †¢There will be 25-30 students in an individual classroom. †¢The lesson will take place the week after the Civil War unit is finished. †¢It is anticipated that the unit will last about two weeks, therefore the debate class will occur during the third week. The actual debate class will take up one class period. †¢The content area is US History/Politics. The grade level is Juniors (11th grade). †¢In sum, the curriculum unit is 11th grade, US History/Politics, Civil War unit. 2 3 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS Standards †¢According to California standards for literacy in History/Social Studies in 6-12th grades. A student must be able to demonstrate analysis of primary and secondary sources, and connect these insights to the understanding of the whole text. This ability will be addressed and assessed when students must incorporate information learned from the textbook with information gained from the internet, and use both  sources of information, into their debate. The student’s ability to undertake this task will be evaluated by the teacher with the submission of student’s sources, and also during the debate. (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢ Also according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate various explanations for events and actions. This standard is illustrated in the nature of the activity. A debate, in itself, evaluates different explanations for one event, which makes it an ideal means of addressing this standard. (http://www. cde. ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢Finally, according to California standards, students must be able to evaluate differing points of view on the same historical issue. Once again, this standard is illustrated within the nature of a debate. It is also illustrated when students submit their own analysis of internet research (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) Learning Objective 3 4 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Students will be able to collaboratively demonstrate their knowledge of Civil War policy, events and information, from the textbook and from  online sources, by formulating arguments to be presented within a debate. Learning Theory Applications †¢Constructivism is certainly at play in this lesson plan: †¢The activity allows knowledge to be organized into schemas, concepts, and worldviews. †¢This activity is emphasizing the use of authentic activities by constructing knowledge through interaction with the environments (internet and peers), and applying it to real-life situations (debate). †¢The collaborative component certainly illustrates constuctivism; learners will help each other create conceptual connections. †¢Finally, students are working autonomously with the help of the  teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning Accommodations: †¢Individualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations: In each team, all students will be assigned a role. For example, â€Å"speaker†, â€Å"writer†, â€Å"time-keeper†. A student’s IEP will be taken into consideration when assigning roles. A student with an IEP, will be assigned a role that best fits their IEP. For example, a student with ADD, may be best suited to be a time-keeper since their attention span is not as focused. They may be anxious to change the pace of the group’s discussions, and therefore they may be eager to keep track of the time. 4 5 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Language Development needs: When assigning the internet-based research; the teacher will give ELL students a website to navigate to, instead of having the students navigate the internet themselves. Teacher will give explicit instructions as to where to look on the website so students do not feel too overwhelmed with the English language. Teacher will ask the students to try to comprehend some of the information, however if this proves too difficult, then the teacher will ask the students to find 15-20 words from the website that the student did not understand. The student will then find the meanings of these words in their own language. They must write at least a paragraph about the Civil War unit incorporating five of the words that they found on the internet. Also, at least two of these words must be incorporated into the arguments of their team. †¢Gifted and Talented needs: This is a challenging component to consider because a gifted/talented student does not necessarily mean an academic-rigorous student. To really tailor the lesson to address the interests of a gifted/talented student, then the teacher will have to be familiar with the personality of that particular student. However, some situations will be addressed here. First of all, from the research, the lesson itself befits that of a gifted/talented student. Competition, which characterizes a debate, usually suits the nature of gifted/talented students. (http://www. teachersfirst. com/gifted_strategies. cfm) The first situation to consider is a student who is gifted/talented, but not academically 5 6 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS rigorous. This student will be given a leadership role within his/her team. He/she may be assigned to organize/manage all the ideas of the students. He/she is the one who will be given the rubric for what the  teacher is assessing when observing the team’s discussions and arguments. He/she is the manager, and he/she will be assessed on their ability to keep his/her team on task. In this way, this student isn’t necessarily doing more â€Å"academic† work, but he/she is being challenged in a rather difficult manner. A second situation to consider is to have a gifted/talented student who is academically rigorous. The teacher will give this student a second component to add to his/her research paper. The student must connect textbook material and internet material to the US politics of today. This is increasing the  cognitive process from analyze (which all students must do with their research papers) to evaluate (Anderson and Krathwol, 2001). The student can choose to incorporate this extra component into their team’s arguments. Resource Accommodations: †¢Low tech: There are no computers, projector, or internet access in the classroom. If this is the case, teacher may have to allocate time in different lessons to use school facilities where computers are available. Computers must be used so that the teacher can show students the kinds of websites that are credible, as well as to use sites, like youtube, to show students examples of debates. Computer use is necessary so 6 7 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS teacher may have to take time before or after school to meet with students (who are willing) to show them the above-mentioned websites. †¢Mid tech: One computer connected to a projector is available in the classroom. The teacher can use this computer to show examples of credible websites, as well as to show examples of debates online. †¢High tech: Class is equipped with several computers. Teams can go online themselves to view videos of debates and start research for their paper. In this way, the collaborative nature of the lesson will  start even earlier (in the pre-planning stage). Content-Based Literacy Skills †¢In terms of text-based literacy; students must incorporate information from their textbook into their arguments †¢Critical thinking, reflective thought, and text-supported thinking will be illustrated when students must draw connections between internet-based information and textbook information while doing their analysis/research paper. This connection will be evaluated when student’s cute their sources within their paper. (This explanation will also illustrate students’ information literacy. ) New Media Literacy Skills  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Performance: This skill is illustrated when students view sample debates on the internet and use this as models of performance in their own debates. 7 8 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Collective Intelligence: This skill is done when students are within their respective teams and they must draw upon their own and others ideas, research, and knowledge to formulate strong arguments. †¢Judgement: This skill is illustrated when students must judge which websites and information are to be included in their research/analysis paper. †¢Networking: Once again, this skill is illustrated when students must  search, connect, and analyze information on the internet for the purpose of their research/analysis paper (Jenkins, 2001). Learning Material: †¢Textbook: Learners will need textbook so that they can recall information. †¢Paper, pen: Leaners will need so that they can write down information. †¢Rubric: Both the learner and teacher needs. Learners need it so that they are aware of what’s expected of them while working in teams and formulating their arguments. Teacher needs it so that he/she can refer to it when assessing the team’s progress. †¢Notes: Learners will need them as a reference when formulating arguments. †¢Stopwatch/watch: This will be given to the student whose job is timekeeper. †¢Video Camera: Used to record the debate Learning Plan Procedures Phase I: Motivation Activity †¢Teacher will show a short clip of a very powerful, interesting debate. Possibly a presidential debate. The clip will only show the most 8 9 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS poignant part (according to the teacher) of the debate. Hopefully the clip will be no longer than 5 minutes long. (if there’s no computer available, then teacher must bring in her/his own computer. ) †¢In a class of 30 chair/table. There will be 15 chairs/ tables on each side  of the room. They will be facing eachother. †¢Learners will enter the classroom and sit down immediately with their team. †¢The teacher will then show the video as soon as the class is seated and quiet. †¢This activity is being done to motivate, encourage, and remind students of what a good debate looks like so that the output of the students’ debates can match skills such as speaking (clear and concise) and eye-contact of the debaters within the video. Phase II: Input (Teacher Driven) Activity: †¢During this class, the teacher will, serve only as facilitator, therefore not much activity will be driven by the teacher. However, after the video, the teacher will remind students of the rubric that was given to them, and tell students that she/he is only their to assist in the logistics of the debate (time, flow, managing emotions if this becomes a problem). The teacher will also instruct students to take notes on each other’s arguments because this assignment will be important for their homework assignment. She/he will also remind student that they will be recorded. †¢Teacher will tell all students to take out their rubrics. †¢She/He will go over some key point from the rubric as it relates to the debate. 9 10 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS. †¢The teacher will tell students to make sure that they keep these key points in mind because these points will be assessed during the debate. †¢The teacher will instruct students to have their rubrics out for the entire class so they can monitor their team’s progress by themselves. †¢Teacher will formally go over key questions from the rubric that he/she hopes the teams have incorporated into the nature of the debate (clear speech, eye contact, concise points, respectful behavior) as well as into the content of the debate. In term of the nature of the debate, questions might look like â€Å"Is my team being quiet/respectful as the  other team presents their arguments? †, â€Å"Are my responses to the other’s teams arguments not insulting? † etc. In terms of the content of the debate, questions may look like, â€Å"Did my team incorporate facts from the textbook? †, â€Å"Did my team use at least two credible internet sources within the argument? †, â€Å"Did my team follow special instructions assigned by the teacher (e. g. incorporating ideas from IEP students, ELL student, gifted students)?. † †¢This activity and these questions serve to remind students of the importance of the collaborative nature of the learning objective. They  also serve to remind students that they must be able to demonstrate their understanding of the Civil War unit, as well as their understanding of outside sources within the context of an argument. Phase III: Output (Learner Driven) Activity 10 11 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Students will take part in a debate. The topic is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation enacted for moral reasons or political reasons? † This activity will illustrate the learning objective in several ways. First, the collaborative nature of the previous classes will finally be demonstrated. Second, the students must illustrate their knowledge of  Civil War policies within their arguments. Third, both sides’ arguments must include information from outside sources. †¢The teacher will select one team to present their arguments first. †¢Recording will begin †¢The speaker of that team will stand up and come to the front of the class. They will present their team’s argument. In the argument they must mention the sources in which they got their information. For example, if they got a particular piece of data from the textbook, then they must state â€Å"As is presented in the textbook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If they got a particular piece of data from the internet then they must state, â€Å"As is  presented on so-called website, or by so-called author†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They must also explicitly state how they used the â€Å"special instructions† from the teacher. For example, â€Å"(ELL’s student’s name) found that ‘compromise’ was not a possible solution of the Civil War. † In this example, it is assumed that compromise was on a list of words that an ELL student did not understand. He/she presented these list of words to his/her team. The team reviewed the list, and chose to use the word compromise as part of their argument. †¢The student will finish the presentation of his/her argument. 11 12 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS. †¢The teacher will tell the next team to present its argument. The team will follow the same procedure as above. †¢The teacher will then stop recording of the debate. †¢This debate will naturally lead to questions, comments from both the teacher and the students. Phase IV: Culmination †¢The teacher will ask the groups to clear up any misunderstandings or misinformation the teams may have had within their argument. This is to give other team members a chance to speak about the argument, which reinforces the collaborative effort of the lesson. †¢The teacher will also ask students how their team’s or the other team’s  information and debate skills differed and how these things were similar to the debate presented in the beginning of the class. †¢As a smaller activity, the teacher will instruct all the students to come up with one question, comment, critique of the other team’s argument. This assignment will illustrate each student’s understanding of the Civil War Unit because it challenges students to relate, connect, or counter-argue their own knowledge of the unit. This question will be submitted to the teacher. Phase V: Extension †¢For homework, students will write a one-page analysis of the opposing teams arguments. The student will address the opposing side’s arguments. He/she will evaluate the argument’s weaknesses, strengths; and why he/she disagreed or agreed with the points that were made. 12 13 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS Learning Plan Analysis Formative assessments will include analyzing the collaborative efforts of the team, the behavior of each team during the presentation of the opposing team’s arguments, how well each team member took on their role within their team, and how well the team incorporated textbook information, outside information, and ‘†special instructions† from the teacher into their  argument. A summative assessment will include the teacher’s evaluation of the internet analysis/research paper, the one-page analysis of opposing team’s argument, teacher’s evaluations of the strength of the arguments, and finally the â€Å"popular vote† (the results of youtube or school-based website). Weaknesses of this lesson plan include time constraints, and the many assessments involved. It may be difficult to accurately assess how well each team members took on their roles. Some students may still be taking on more work than others. Also, incorporating ELL/IEP students proved to be a difficult task.. Strength of the lesson is it fosters team work, analytical skills, and gives students more power in the direction and implementation of a lesson. The teacher will implement these varied assessments in its first year, and then will evaluate the effectiveness of these assessments for future classes. The learning theories applied in the first phase was Vygotzky’s Cognitive Process. Students are witnessing two adults debating and they are expected to try to learn/imitate the behaviors of those adults. In the second 13 14 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS phase, social cognitive theory is at play. The teacher both models desired behaviors/outcomes, as well as emphasizes self-efficacy and self-regulation. In the third phase, constructivism is illustrated. The debate is student-driven because the students are demonstrating their constructed knowledge within the debate. The assessments have a behaviorist component. Negative reinforcement (decrease a behavior) is illustrated when the teacher warns students that if they are not respectful or a team member does not contribute meaningfully, then they may be marked down (Ormrod, 2008). References Anderson, L. W. , Krathwol, D. R. (2001) . A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing, 28-31. California Department of Education. (2013) California Common Core State Standards. http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/documents/finalelaccssstandards. pdf Jenkins, H. , Clinton, K. , Purushotma, R. , Robison, A. J. , and Weigel, M. (2006). â€Å"Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. † Chicago, IL: MacArthur Foundation. Ormrod, J. E. (2008). Educational Psychology Developing Learners, 8. 25-36. Teachers First. (2014) http://www. teachersfirst. com/gifted_strategies. cfm 14 15 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS.